Chess rules
Short explanations of rules that are easy to misapply, each with a position you can move.
En passantEn passant is a pawn capture. If an enemy pawn moves two squares and lands beside your pawn, you may capture it as if itCastlingCastling moves the king two squares toward a rook, and that rook jumps to the square the king crossed. It is the only moStalemateStalemate is a draw. It happens when the side to move has no legal move and is not in check.Pawn promotionA pawn that reaches the last rank is promoted. You replace it with a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color. TCheckCheck means the king is attacked. The side to move must get out of check. There are three ways: move the king, capture tCheckmateCheckmate ends the game. The king is in check, and there is no legal move that gets out of check. The side that gave matZugzwangZugzwang is a position where having to move is a disadvantage. The side to move would rather pass, but the rules do not The fifty-move ruleEither player may claim a draw if the last fifty moves by each side have had no capture and no pawn move. The game is noThreefold repetitionA player may claim a draw if the same position is about to appear, or has appeared, three times. The same position meansInsufficient materialSome positions cannot be checkmated by force, or at all, with the pieces left. The game is a draw when neither side has